Bottom water formation, I
In Northern Atlantic, saline water from Mediterranean Sea carried to high latitude by drift currents
At high latitudes, water at surface looses heat to cold air by conduction
Dry air blows off Greenland, Spitzbergen, & Norway; evaporation further cools the water
Surface waters freeze, leaving behind sea water that is both colder & more saline than the water that began freezing
Cold, saline water sinks to become North Atlantic Bottom Water