Instrumental conditioning questions: Sept26 As with classical conditioning there are many terms for instrumental conditioning. With that in mind which one of the following does not refer to instrumental conditioning. A. type S- conditioning B. Operant Conditioning C. Type II conditioning D. Pavlovian conditioning E. A & C *F. A & D G. B & C H. all of the above F (T/F) The 'law of effect' was proposed in 1800 by E. Thorndike. false (T/F) the law of effect describes behavior with respect to future goals or expectations. false A. Positive reinforcement B. Punishment C. Negative reinforcement D. Omission E. increase F. decreases Use the choices above to answer the following questions. When a behavior produces a positive consequence the consequence is called a __A____and leads to an __E______ in behavior. When a behavior produces a negative consequence the conssequence is called a ___B_____and leads to an ___F_____ in behavior. When a behavior eliminates a positive consequence the consequence is called a ____C____and leads to an ____F____ in behavior. (T/F) Learned helplessness can be descriptive of what happens to someone whose exam grade never reflects the level of effort put into studying for the exam. Especially if other contingencies are not being met either. True (T/F) Children as young as 3 months show instrumental conditioning. true All of the following describe a scenerio where instrumental condtioning in occurring except; A. Children learn to roll over in order to control the motion of a mobile hanging over their bed. B. A rat learns to turn to the right in a T-maze to get food. C. An animal learns the location of a hidden platform in a pool of water *D. A cat learns to blink in response to a light after having the light paired with a shock. E. A dog learns to jump over a barrier to avoid shock. What schedule of reinforcement would you use if you wanted to train an animal quickly and were not concerned with maintaining a behavior after stopping the reinforcement? A. Fixed interval B. Variable ratio *C. Continuous D. Variable interval E. None of the above What schedule of reinforcement would you use if you wanted to be sure the behavior was maintained in the absence of reinforcement. A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Continuous *D. Variable interval E. None of the above Sept 31 What physiological changes were detected in cells located in the suprasylvian cortex of the cat after training for eyeblink conditioning? A. one-quarter of the sampled cells there was no response *B. spontaneous and evoked unit activity increased C. the threshold for spike elicitation by weak extracellularly injected current increased. D. glutamate receptor concentration decreased. E. all of the above F. none of the above (True/False) In the cat eyeblink conditioning experiment reversible blockade of the CR but not the UR by the injection of 25%KCl into the rostral cortex suggests (pg 175 Dudai) False A. B. C. D. E. One reason that eyeblink conditioning in the cat and rabbit reveal different engrams is A. B. C. D. E. (T/F) Is emotional arousal induced by an experience an important determinatn of the stregth of a memory for the event? True (T/F) B-adrendergic receptors that are found peripherally are involved in increasing retention. True (T/F) B-adrendergic receptors that are found centrally are involved in increasing retention. True Oct 3 (T/F) Motivational states involve arousal and satiation. True Other fields of study have contributed to neuroscience theories. One theory in particular that is influenced by ideas developed in other disciplines is.. A. How habituation and sensitization are related. B. Associational Semantics. *C. How behavior is influenced by motivational states. D. How associations between neurons are formed. E. Developmental segregation of inputs. Oct 6 Which of the following neurotransmitters have not been implicated in reinforcement or motivation? A. Dopamine B. GABA *C. Acetylcholine D. Norepinepherine E. Epinepherine ---------------------------------------------------- Sept 29 Essay: How is depression described in terms of instrumental condtioining principles? What parallels are there between animal models of learned helplessness and depression in humans. Essay: Describe the experiment where a dog is trained to jump over a barrier to get food only when a light is turned on in terms of classical conditioining and intstrumental. Essay: What sort of associative and non-associative changes occur in the motor cortex of the cat after eyeblink conditioning procedures result in eye blink in response to a previously neutral tone. Is this sort of result observed in other areas of the proposed engram? Where? conditioning. Would habituation play any role in such a scenario? Why or Why not. Sept 31 Essay: Discuss the details of the paradigm used to either investigate the engram associated with heart rate or fear conditioning in the pigeon or Conditioning of the NMR in the rabbit. Oct 3 Essay: What three functions do motivational states serve? Essay: How can appetitive motivational states be induced in the absence of actual tissue 'needs'?