Emancipation and Northern Victory
History 103
Dec. 7. 1998
Transformation of Northern War Aims
(continued)
Lincoln’s evolving position
Border states’ resistance to gradual emancipation
Lincoln’s decision to proclaim emancipation
(July 1862)
Delay of public announcement (until Sept. 22, 1862)
Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation
Limited scope: applies to areas not under federal control
Larger implication: war for black liberation
Black troops
July 1863:
Military Turning Point, Social Backlash
Battle of Gettysburg
Vicksburg
New York City Draft Riots
Wartime Origins of Reconstruction
Lincoln’s preference for colonization of blacks abroad
Lincoln’s plan for reintegrating rebellious states
Congressional alternative: Wade-Davis bill (1864)
Lincoln’s veto (1864)
Election of 1864
Republican anxieties
Democrats nominate George McClellan
Fall of Atlanta
Lincoln wins reelection
Reaffirmation of Northern purpose
Triumph and Tragedy
Congress passes Thirteenth Amendment and forwards it to the states for ratification (1865)
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattax Courthouse (April 9, 1865)
Lincoln’s assassination (April 14, 1865)