JAVA is the most densely populated island
of several thousand that make
up the nation of Indonesia, the fourth largest nation in the world,
located
in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Southeast Asia. The GAMELAN is a
large
ensemble of bronze keyed instruments and gongs, plus a xylophone, bowed
lute, zither, and flute. Gamelan music is highly polyphonic, with a
wide
expressive and dynamic range. Choral and solo vocal parts are included
in some compositions, and the principal performance context is to
accompany
the all-night puppet drama known as WAYANG. Performances are drawn from
the great Hindu epics, the MAHABHARATA (the good Pandawas against their
evil cousins, the Korawas) and the RAMAYANA (the story of Rama, in
which
his wife Sinta is abducted by Rahwana and retrieved with the aid of
brother
Lesmana and the great white ape Anoman (Hanuman).
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Oberlin's Javanese Gamelan is a full double gamelan, meaning
that it
includes two sets of instruments, one tuned to SLENDRO, with 5 tones
widely
spaced, and the other to PELOG, with 7 tones unevenly spaced. Our
gamelan was acquired in two stages. The Slendro instruments were bought
from an ethnic Chinese merchant family in Malang, East Java, in
1970,
through the auspices of Dr. Judith Becker, University of Michigan. They
were already old, having been used for decades before they were sold.
The
Pelog instruments were custom made for Oberlin and delivered in 1984.
In Java, a gamelan typically has a proper name.
Oberlin's gamelan
was named "Kyai Barleyan," or Venerable Diamond, by the first Javanese
visiting instructor to teach here, a Shansi Faculty Fellow, R. M.
Wasistodinigrat,
in 1978. He chose the name because it resembled the sound of "Oberlin."
Oberlin's first resident gamelan teacher was Molly Johnson,
who now
works in the Conservatory library cataloging the new jazz collection.
Over the years,
several
visiting instructors from Indonesia have taught at Oberlin: Sri Djoko
Raharjo
(1983 and 1984), Mas Ratno (1985), and Mas A. L. Suwardi (1986 and
1987).
An American gamelan specialist, resident in Java, Ed Van Ness, also
taught
gamelan in 1981 and helped procure the Pelog instruments after his
return
to Java. Another American specialist, René T. A. Lysloff, taught
the gamelan in 1989, and Marc Benamou, OC '79 directed the ensemble in
2000. In other years between 1988 and 2005 the ensemble was
taught
by Prof. Roderic Knight.
In 2007 Jennifer Fraser, Asst. Professor of Ethnomusicology,
took over leadership of the gamelan. It is now offered on a
continuing basis.
Below are photos of the Oberlin Gamelan with Mas A. L.
Suwardi. Click on a picture to enlarge it. In the enlarged view, point
at an instrument to reveal its name. (This can be used as a self-test
if you are trying to learn the names.)
--> Thanks to Elio Trabal '04 for this interactive website.
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